Transmission impairment – attenuation. When the signal travels through the transmission medium, it experiences some resistance. The signal loses some of its energy to overcome the resistance. This loss of energy of a signal is called attenuation. It decreases the amplitude of the signal obtained at the receiver, which reduces the volume of the sound the receiver hears. The loss or gain in signal’s strength is measured in dB and calculated as 10log10(P2/P1), where P1 and P2 are the powers of the signal at two points. We can also add the dB numbers. Therefore, one can calculate the dB value between two points by adding the dB values at several points.
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